Your emergency fund can help you cover the cost of life’s unpleasant surprises like medical bills, car repairs, or even job loss. Without one, these unfortunate situations become even worse, as you could face some tough decisions when things don’t go according to...
My exploration of complex adaptive systems started with Per Bak’s infamous sandpile experiment, which captures all the essential characteristics of a complex adaptive system. With the sandpile example, we saw that you couldn’t only consider the individual grains of...
The idea of complex adaptive systems might sound overwhelming, but an experiment conducted by physicist Per Bak makes the concept easier to understand. If you drop one grain of sand at a time onto an empty table, a small, cone-shaped pile begins to form. As the pile...
I’ve made many references over the past several years to financial markets being a complex adaptive system. I find the concept fascinating and elegant, but it requires more explanation than I’ve ever had the space, word count, or reader attention span to...
